October Book Club: Art, Power, and Perception – Ways of Seeing

Our October selection is Ways of Seeing by John Berger.
Originally published in 1972, this slim but remarkably influential book changed the way millions of people think about art, photography, advertising, and the images that surround us every day. Berger argues that seeing is never passive—we bring our experiences, assumptions, culture, and history with us every time we look at a painting, a photograph, or even an advertisement.

Although often assigned in art history and media studies courses, Ways of Seeing is surprisingly approachable. Berger writes for curious readers rather than specialists, using famous works of art alongside everyday images to ask deceptively simple questions: Who decides what art means? Why do some images become "masterpieces" while others become advertisements? How does gender shape the way people are portrayed? And how has photography transformed our relationship with art?

More than fifty years after its publication, many of Berger's observations feel remarkably contemporary. In an age of Instagram, AI-generated images, influencers, and constant visual media, his ideas remain as relevant—and as debatable—as ever.

One suggestion before you begin: don't feel like you have to agree with Berger. Some of his arguments have become enormously influential, while others remain controversial. The goal isn't to decide whether he's "right," but to notice how the book changes—or challenges—the way you look at the world.

A few things to consider along the way:

Did Berger change the way you looked at any artwork, photograph, or advertisement while reading the book?
Which of his arguments felt most persuasive? Which seemed weakest?
Is there a difference between seeing and looking? If so, what is it?
Does knowing the historical context of a work of art enhance your experience or distract from it?
Berger argues that reproductions fundamentally change art. Do you agree, or has digital access made great art more meaningful?
How convincing did you find his discussion of women in European oil painting? Has society changed since 1972?
What role does advertising play in shaping our desires? Has social media strengthened Berger's argument or undermined it?
Were there moments where you caught yourself reconsidering assumptions you'd never questioned before?
If Berger were writing today, what new chapter would he include?
Why do you think this relatively short book has remained so influential for more than fifty years?

And for a lighter touch:

Which image or artwork from the book stayed with you the longest?
Did you find yourself looking at museum paintings differently—or just side-eyeing advertisements?
If Berger could analyze one modern platform—Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, or Pinterest—which would you most want to hear him discuss?
What's one billboard, commercial, or ad you've seen recently that Berger would have had a field day with?

Join us for an evening of lively discussion as we explore one of the most influential works of cultural criticism ever written—and discover whether changing the way we see also changes the way we think.